The Fox River is a significant tributary of Lake Michigan, located in eastern Wisconsin. It plays a crucial role in the ecosystem of Lake Michigan, supporting a diverse range of aquatic life and providing habitat for various fish species. The river’s flow and water quality also impact the overall health of Lake Michigan.
Average Discharge
The Fox River has an average annual discharge of 5,200 cubic feet per second (150 cubic meters per second) into Green Bay, which is part of Lake Michigan.
Water Quality Contribution
The Fox River contributes to the water quality of Lake Michigan through its discharge. The river’s water quality is managed by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR), which aims to protect and enhance the natural resources associated with the river while providing recreational opportunities. The river’s water is also used for drinking water supply, as seen in the case of Waukesha, which has transitioned to using Lake Michigan water, with the used water being returned to the Fox River after treatment.
Significance in the Lake Michigan Ecosystem
The Fox River is the principal tributary of Green Bay and, via the Bay, the largest tributary of Lake Michigan. It plays a crucial role in the ecosystem of Lake Michigan, supporting a diverse range of aquatic life and providing habitat for various fish species. The river’s flow and water quality also impact the overall health of Lake Michigan.
Navigation and Recreation
The Fox River offers recreational opportunities such as boating, fishing, and canoeing/kayaking. However, navigation from Fox Lake to Lake Michigan is not possible directly by boat due to shallow sections and the need for trailering or towing. The river has several dams and locks, which are managed by the DNR to provide boating access and fishing opportunities.
Course and Hydrology
The Fox River begins near Friesland, Wisconsin, and flows northeast for approximately 200 miles (320 km) before emptying into Green Bay and Lake Michigan. It has a basin size of 6,429 square miles (16,650 km²) and an average elevation drop of 164 feet (50 m) over its course.
Management and Conservation
The Fox River is managed by the Wisconsin DNR, which aims to protect its natural resources while providing recreational opportunities. The river’s water quality is monitored, and efforts are made to maintain its ecological health.
Interesting Facts
- The Fox River was part of the famous 1673-74 expedition of Jolliet and Marquette, who were the first Europeans to traverse the upper Mississippi River.
- The river’s name is derived from the French name for the Meskwaki people.
Additional Details
- The Fox River is home to a variety of fish species, including walleye, bass, and northern pike, making it a popular destination for anglers.
- The river’s watershed covers a significant portion of eastern Wisconsin, including the cities of Appleton, Oshkosh, and Green Bay.
- The Fox River has a long history of industrial and commercial use, with several dams and locks built along its course to support navigation and hydropower generation.
- The river’s water quality has improved significantly in recent decades due to efforts by the Wisconsin DNR and local communities to address pollution and restore the river’s ecosystem.
Conclusion
The Fox River is a vital component of the Lake Michigan ecosystem, contributing to its water quality, supporting a diverse range of aquatic life, and providing recreational opportunities for residents and visitors alike. As a major tributary, the Fox River plays a crucial role in the overall health and well-being of Lake Michigan, making it an important natural resource to be protected and managed for generations to come.
References
- Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. (n.d.). Upper Fox River Public Access | DNR Fisheries Areas. Retrieved from https://dnr.wisconsin.gov/topic/Lands/FisheriesAreas/2700UpperFoxPA.html
- Reddit. (2016, October 11). Illinois help, Fox Lake to Lake Michigan. Retrieved from https://www.reddit.com/r/boating/comments/56wgam/illinois_help_fox_lake_to_lake_michigan/
- Wikipedia. (n.d.). Fox River (Green Bay tributary). Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_River_%28Green_Bay_tributary%29
- ResearchGate. (n.d.). Fox River begins at Lake Winnebago and flows northeast 63km discharging into Green Bay, Lake Michigan. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Fox-River-begins-at-Lake-Winnebago-and-flows-northeast-63km-discharging-into-Green-Bay_fig2_323561398
- WISN. (2023, October 10). City of Waukesha officially transitions to Lake Michigan water. Retrieved from https://www.wisn.com/article/city-of-waukesha-officially-transitions-to-lake-michigan-water/45487305